catapult

A catapult is a relatively simple machine that uses non-explosive force to hurl objects far distances. Subjecting the throwing arm to extreme tension and releasing it like a giant spring is often complemented with the use of a counterweight to increase the momentum of the projectile as it is released.

The force and distance achieved by catapults lend themselves to descriptive language. When someone or something hurls through space at great speed, one can describe the motion as "catapulting through space."