Dung Carrier

    Article

    In the Hopi tradition, Dung Carrier, or Kwiranonoa, is one of many runner kachinas (Wawarus) that challenge men to races. If the men are caught, Dung Carrier smears his victims' faces with human excrement. Often, the Dung Carrier appears as a female kachina (Kachin-mana), although they are still personated by men. Dung Carriers can appear singly or paired in the kachina parade at the Powamu Ceremony and in mixed dances of spring and early summer. Sometimes between 15 to 30 Dung Carrier kachinas may appear in one-day ceremonies that can occur any time of year.

    Published Works
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    Manuscript Occurrences
    References

     
    Colton, Harold Sellers
         1959   Hopi Kachina Dolls: With a Key to Their Identification. Albuquerque: University of
             New Mexico Press.

    Hirschfelder, Arlene, and Paulette Molin
         2000   Kachina. Encyclopedia of Native American Religions, Updated Edition. New York:
             Facts On File, Inc.

    Kennard, Edward Allan, and Edwin Earle
         1971   Hopi Kachinas: 796/535/532/575. New York: Museum of the American Indian, Heye
             Foundation.